Site & Sign of Abdomen Pain

हिंदी के लिए यहां क्लिक करें

    <h4><strong><img src="https://ayurvedachikitsa.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/0b5224ef9ed4dc02f3a7e75bbd674342-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" />Definition: </strong>Discomfort or pain in the region of the abdominal wall or abdominal cavity.</h4><h4><b>Aetiology</b></h4><ul><li>Oesophageal : Hiatus Hernia, Reflux, Oesophagitis, Tumours, Ulcers</li><li>Gastro-duodenal : Gastritis, Ulcers, Tumours</li><li>Pancreatic : Pancreatitis, Malignancy</li><li>Hepatobiliary : Cholelithiasis, Infection (e.g.Hepatitis, Cholecystitis), Biliary Tract Obstruction, Tumours (benign or malignant)</li><li>Cardiorespiratory : Inflammation (e.g.Pneumonia, Pleurisy), Ischaemic heart disease, Carcinoma, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary Embolism</li><li>Intestinal : Inflammatory (e.g.ulcerativecolitis, Crohn's disease, Appendicitis, Diverticulitis), Tumours, Intestinal obstruction, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Malabsorption syndromes</li><li>Renal : Ureteric Calculus, Pyelonephritis, Cystitis, Tumours</li><li>Gynaecological : Endometriosis, Infections (e.g.Salpingitis, Endometritis), Dysmenorrhoea, Ectopic Pregnancy, Ovarian Cysts (from haemorrhage, Torsion, Rupture, Infection), Tumours</li><li>Testes/Epididymis : Epididymitis, Orchitis, Epididymo-orchitis, Torsion of Testes</li></ul><h4><b>Pathophysiology:  </b>Abdominal pain may be a result of either:</h4><ul><li>Stimulation of pain receptors in the abdominal wall</li><li>Neural irritation.</li><li>Referred pain from another source.</li><li>Pathological processes which cause stimulation of pain receptors in the parietal peritoneum.</li><li>The parietal peritoneum is innervated by somatic sensory fibres. Therefore, pain arising from damaged or inflamed parietal</li><li>Pathological processes which cause stimulation of pain receptors in an abdominal viscus.</li><li>Visceral pain is caused by stretching or inflammation of intra-abdominal organs such as gut, gallbladder, bile duct, pancreas, ureters and uterus. Stimulation of pain receptors does not occur with every type of pathology. Common stimuli causing visceral pain include: Distension of the wall of a hollow viscus; a build-up to metabolites in a tissue as a result of ischaemia; acute stretching of the capsule of a solid viscera; tension on the mesentery;or exaggerated contraction of a hollow viscus.</li></ul>Depending on the cause, visceral pain can be described as deep. continuous, dull ache/gnawing or intermittent cramping sensation. Visceral pain tends to be perceived near the midline, irrespective of the location of the organ.This is because the afferent fibres of the autonomic nervous system that carry pain impulses into the brain from the abdominal organs and visceral peritoneum are poorly mapped in the brain.This explains why the pain can usually(but not always)be localised to the epigastric, periumbilical or suprapubic areas.

Pain arising from:

• Foregut(stomach and duodenum)is felt in the Epigastrium
• Midgut(small intestine and proximal colon)is felt in the peri-umbilical region
• Hindgut(distal colon)in felt in the suprapubic area.

Discriminating features